Birth Rights

MEMO TO BIRTHERS -- The Constitution says nothing about location as a condition of citizenship and eligibility to be President of the United States. It requires that the President be a "natural born citizen." If only one parent is a U.S. citizen, the child is a "natural born citizen," no matter where born. But the birthers, currently led by Donald Trump, apparently have not read the Constitution, and insist that Barack Obama was not born in the United States, refusing to even look at the long form birth certificate with raised seal issued by the State of Hawaii and released by the White House. Now they are demanding to seen his college transcripts, and seem to be on the verge of claiming a vast conspiracy to perpetrate a fraud on the American people.
   Millions of Americans were born in other countries, including John McCain (born in Panama), and are "natural born citizens" of the United States because a parent was a citizen. And this is certainly true of Barack Obama's mother.
  

Incumbents

PREZ QUIZ -- Dick Polman, columnist for the Philly Inquirer, devoted a piece to this question: "How many Democratic presidents have been defeated for a second term in the last 120 years? A grand total of  one." Eventually, he got around to supplying the answer. It was Jimmy Carter in 1980. Polman's point was that the odds favor incumbents. True enough, but it would have nice if he had also noted the number of Republican presidents who have been defeated for a second term in the last 120 years. Five minutes in an Almanac provides the answer: Four. Benjamin Harrison in 1892, William Howard Taft in 1912, Herbert Hoover in 1932, and George H.W. Bush in 1992.

Trumped

MEMO to the Donald -- Where's your birth certificate? Instead of demanding proof of citizenship from incumbents, those who aspire to public office, or are even considering a bid for one, should volunteer evidence of their qualification to hold any office of public trust. How do we know the Donald even has the right to vote? Did he show his birth certificate when he registered to vote? Is he, in fact, a registered voter? Has he ever voted, and if so, when and where? The Donald often puts his mouth where his money is, but that's not enough. A big mouth is not a good qualification for political leadership.

BIRTH PLACES -- John McCain was born in Panama and Barry Goldwater was born in Arizona before it became a state. No fuss was ever made about their right to run for President. Sen. McCain was born on a military base in the Canal Zone, a strip of land leased from the nation of Panama. The Canal Zone was not, technically, part of the United States, but for the purpose of establishing citizenship, U.S. military bases are considered sovereign territory, albeit temporary.

Readability

FONT-HAPPY -- Computers provide hundreds of different fonts to choose from and many printers are able to cope with these fonts. But just because you can, does not necessarily mean that you should. Those of us who remember manual typewriters know that you had a choice of two fonts, pica or elite. You made the choice when you bought the machine, and that was it forever. Later, IBM came up with the Selectric, which had interchangeable ball-shaped elements, which provided a wider range of fonts, but still limited.
   Now, writers can select fonts that range from the merely odd and strange to the downright unreadable, even if the recipient's computer can reproduce the chosen font. We are able to spot a word that is misspelled because we are able to identify the individual letters in the word.  The combination of recognizable letters make up the words that we recognize. Thus, if we cannot recognize the letters, we cannot recognize the word, and we cannot read the message. Those who use these curious fonts need to ask themselves which is more important, the medium or the message.
   Typographical gimmickry goes only so far, and a little goes a long way.

GADGETS -- We encountered a driver recently who was so intent on following the directions given by his GPS system that he passed right by his destination, even though there was a prominent sign in front of the building. Not only that, but the GPS sent the driver on a three-mile roundabout route even though the destination was only half a mile from his starting point -- and on the same street. The episode reminded me of the compulsive use of spellcheck, which recognizes individual words, but not context. Technology provides many useful tools, but we need to remember that they remain just that -- tools, not substitutes.

MISLEADING PHRASE -- Advertising writers are fond of words and phrases that sound good, but are essentially meaningless. Example: The packaged food made from "farm-picked ingredients." All food ingredients come from farms, where they are picked. Unless, of course, the ingredients were concocted in a chemistry lab somewhere.

OPINING -- Someone once said that people are entitled to their own opinions, but not to their own facts. But it's also true that opinions are often based on a selection of available facts. Propagandists, advertising writers and politicians often select those facts that buttress their previously conceived opinions, and ignore those facts that might erode their positions.

The Power of Twelve

There are:
12 inches in a foot
12 months in a year
12 times 2 = 24 hours in a day
12 times 5 = 60 minutes in an hour
12 times 30 = 360 degrees in a circle
12 times 10 = 120 beats per minute, the standard military marching pace
12 times 10 = 120, the optimum systolic blood pressure
12 volts in automobile electrical systems
12 was the base for early mathematics

There are also:
12 grades in the American school system
12 signs of the zodiac
12 items in a dozen
12 pence in a shilling
12 people on a jury
12 tribes of Israel
12 apostles in Christianity, which borrowed the idea from
12 apostles in Mithraism
12 days to the Christmas season, from Yule to Epiphany
12  parts to the Boy Scout Law (Trustworthy, loyal, etc.)
12 steps to humility (St. Benedict, 520 A.D.)
12 steps of pride (St. Bernard of Clairveaux, 1130 A.D.)
12 steps to sobriety (Bill Miller, founder of AA, 1937)
12 original Bill of Rights Amendments to the U.S. Constitution
 -- Proposed in 1789, in force by 1791
--  Proposed amendments One and Two were not ratified promptly, so Three through Twelve became the Bill of Rights as we know it today
-- Proposed Amendment One was ratified in 1992 as Amendment 27, concerning Congressional pay hikes
-- Connecticut, Massachusetts, Georgia did not ratify the Bill of Rights until 1939.

Sentenced

HOW LONG -- Through the 19th Century, writers believed in the challenge of being able to keep a sentence under control regardless of length. Henry James, for example, typically wrote sentences ranging well above 100 words. And the opening of John Milton's "Paradise Lost" rambled all the way to 157 words, including 17 commas. The problem is that modern readers have no patience or desire to wade through those murky waters, all the while keeping track of the pertinent thought beneath the surface. This is particularly true of questions. Consider this one, from the New York Times, March 9, 2011:

   "Is the reliance on mass-produced bikinis -- a far cry from the elaborate, hand-crafted costumes Trinidadians had grown accustomed to -- stifling the creative works that have been the hallmark of traditional Carnival, which the government of Prime Minister Kamla Persad-Bisselsar has been pressing to revive since she took office last year?"

This twists its way to 52 words, with a 14-word clause inserted between the opening phrase and the controlling verb, thus burying the key thought (Is this stifling...?). It's certainly true that in print, readers can go back and reread the sentence if they don't fully grasp it the first time. But why should they have to? Moral: Don't make them. In broadcast news writing, you only get one chance to get your message across. Apply the same attitude to print.

(I know, I need a life, doing something other than counting the number of words in a sentemce.)

NEWS ITEM 1 -- Women now outnumber men in colleges, but still lag in pay after graduation.
NEWS ITEM 2-- More men are taking apprenticeships for skilled trades, especially in computerized manufacturing and high-tech fields.
CONCLUSION -- That's why men earn more. Liberal arts degrees don't pay much, and colleges don't teach skilled trades.

Free speech

COUNTRY COUNTRAST -- The U.S. Supreme Court has upheld the right of a radical religious group to say nasty things near military funerals. In Pakistan, blasphemy gets you the death penalty, and disagreeing with radical Islamism is illegal, even if you are a Christian. On the same day of the Supreme Court ruling, a Christian cabinet minister who opposed Pakistan's blasphemy law was assassinated.

SHORT VERSION -- You have the right of free speech. I have the right to ignore you.

ATTENTION BIRTHERS -- There is no requirement that the President of the United States be a Christian. In fact, the Constitution specifically prohibits such a requirement, for any public office. That's not in the First Amendment, which guarantees freedom of religion, but in the main body of the Constitution itself, in Article VI, which states, "There shall be no religious test for any office of public trust." There are many non-Christian politicians in America, including Hindus, Jews and Muslims, and that's as it should be, so that the entire population is represented. "America is a Christian nation," is the claim; (except for 6 million Jews, 5 million Muslims, 3 million Buddhists, 1.5 million Hindus, 1 million of the Baha'i faith, and 300,000 Sikh, not to mention the 2 million atheists and the 33 million who are non-religious. In addition, there are those of the Zoroastrian, Confucian, Shinto, Tao, Wiccan, and Druid spiritual paths, as well as the many in the Native American Tradition.) And if the President of the United States should happen to be a Muslim? As Colin Powell said, "So what if he is?"

SAY WHAT? -- Office technology department: "Please listen closely to the following options. If you are calling from a rotary phone, press zero."